His father was cook of Gha'em Magham (a statesman and a minister of Ghajar dynasty) so he grew up with his children and in close contact with his family. In this way, he got familiar with politics. He was educated under supervision of Gha'em Magham and learned clerkship and assistantship from him and later became his assistant. Then he became commander-in-chief of the armed forces. When Nasereddin Shah enthroned he appointed him as prime minister. He first began dramatic reforms in the administration and recruited the most competent employees and then reformed the financial system. Among other major measures he took were establishment of Darolfonoon, the first modern college of Iran, and launching Vaghie'e Ettefaghieh, the first daily paper. His reforms were naturally against the interests of the court of the Shah as well as alien powers. Eventually, he was first dismissed and sent to exile in Kashan and then the Shah had him murdered in the bathhouse in Fien Garden there after being seduced by people around him and stimulated by the aliens. As a result, the country lost one of its most devoted and competent statesmen.
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